Latvia is a Northern European country located in the Baltic region, with a rich history and strategic geographic position. Key Details: - Geographic Location: Northeastern Europe, bordered by [[Estonia]] to the north, [[Lithuania]] to the south, [[Russia]] to the east, and [[Belarus]] to the southeast - Capital: Riga - Population: Approximately 1.9 million - Official Language: Latvian - Government: Parliamentary representative democratic republic - Member of: [[European Union (EU)]], NATO, Schengen Area Notable Characteristics: 1. Historical Context: - Gained independence from Soviet Union in 1991 - Experienced significant political and economic transformation since independence - Has a complex history of foreign occupations, including periods of German, Polish, Swedish, and Russian rule 2. Economy: - Market-based economy with a focus on services, manufacturing, and agriculture - Strong emphasis on exports, including timber, agricultural products, and manufactured goods - Growing technology and IT sector - Significant economic reforms since independence 3. Cultural Highlights: - Rich cultural heritage with strong folk traditions - Known for its traditional folk songs and dance - Significant architectural heritage, particularly in Riga's historic center - Celebrates the annual Song and Dance Festival, a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage event 4. Natural Environment: - Diverse landscape including forests, lakes, and coastal regions - Approximately 50% of the country is covered by forests - Extensive coastline along the Baltic Sea 5. Modern Developments: - Successful integration into Western economic and political structures - Member of European Union and NATO since 2004 - Developing a modern, service-oriented economy - Increasing focus on digital technologies and innovation