Saudi Arabia is an absolute monarchy governed under Islamic law (Sharia). As the world's leading oil exporter, its economy has traditionally been dominated by petroleum revenues, though recent years have seen ambitious diversification efforts under "Vision 2030." The economy combines vast oil wealth with growing investments in non-oil sectors including tourism, technology, entertainment, and renewable energy. While still heavily dependent on oil exports, the kingdom is actively working to modernize its economy, develop its private sector, and create employment opportunities for its young population.