South Africa is a parliamentary republic with a three-tier system of government. Its economy, the most industrialized in Africa, is mixed-market with significant state involvement in key sectors. The country's main economic drivers are mining (particularly gold, platinum, and diamonds), financial services, manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism. Despite being Africa's third-largest economy, South Africa faces significant challenges with high unemployment, social inequality (a legacy of apartheid), and the need to extend economic opportunities more broadly across its population.