- Date of Independence: March 2, 1836 (Republic of Texas from Mexico)
- Date of Annexation to United States of America (USA): December 29, 1845
- Population (2025): 31.3 million
- GDP (2025): $2.7 trillion
- Largest City: Houston (2.3 million)
- State Capital: Austin (989,000)
- Historical Note: Only U.S. state to have been an independent republic for nearly 10 years. Became the 28th state after annexation led to the Mexican-American War. Known for oil discovery at Spindletop (1901), cattle ranching, and modern technology hub. Second-largest state by both area and population.